3D Documentation and Digital Preservation of Chilancho Stupa
3D Scanning of Chilancho Stupa, Kirtipur Using LiXel Kity K1 for Cultural Heritage Preservation
3D Documentation and Digital Preservation of Chilancho Stupa
3D Scanning of Chilancho Stupa, Kirtipur Using LiXel Kity K1 for Cultural Heritage Preservation
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Introduction and Background
The Chilancho Stupa, one of the oldest and most sacred Buddhist monuments in Kirtipur, Nepal, stands as a living symbol of Licchhavi and Malla period art and architecture. Over centuries, it has suffered from urban encroachment, weathering, and earthquake damage, prompting the need for precise digital documentation. To safeguard this heritage, a 3D scanning survey was conducted using the LiXel Kity K1 handheld LiDAR scanner, chosen for its portability, centimeter-level accuracy, and ability to capture complex geometries in challenging environments.
Cultural and Architectural Significance
The stupa symbolizes the deep-rooted Newar Buddhist heritage of Kirtipur. Architecturally, it follows the classical chaitya form, featuring a white hemispherical dome (anda), harmika, and pinnacle (yasti), surrounded by four smaller chaityas and votive shrines. Inscriptions from the 16th and 17th centuries CE record continuous restorations, confirming its sustained spiritual importance. Today, Chilancho remains a center of pilgrimage and religious activity, especially during Gunla, the sacred Buddhist month.
Methodology and Outcomes
Using the LiXel Kity K1 LiDAR scanner, a complete digital documentation workflow was executed, from field scanning and real-time data visualization to processing in LiXel CyberColor software. The project achieved centimeter-level precision (~±2 cm) across all surfaces, generating outputs such as:
Impact and Conclusion
This project demonstrates how affordable, portable LiDAR systems can transform cultural heritage preservation. The 3D model of the Chilancho Stupa provides a permanent digital record that aids restoration, disaster risk management, and educational initiatives. It also enables virtual access, reducing physical strain on the monument. Despite challenges such as reflective surfaces and environmental interference, careful planning ensured data quality and precision.